Glosses for case should be used instead, e.g. Lehmann recommends that abbreviations for syntactic roles not be used as glosses for arguments, as they are not morphological categories.For kinship glosses, see the dedicated section below for a list of standard abbreviations. Proper nouns/names may simply be repeated in the gloss, or may be replaced with a placeholder such as "(name. Exceptions include proper nouns, which typically are not translated, and kinship terms, which may be too complex to translate. Lexical morphemes are typically translated, using lower-case letters, though they may be given a grammatical gloss in small caps if they play a grammatical role in the text.This is also seen when the meaning of a morpheme is debated, and glossing it one way or another would prejudice the discussion. For example, if a passage has two contrasting nominalizing suffixes under discussion, ɣiŋ and jolqəl, they may be glossed GN and JQ, with the glosses explained in the text. This is typically done when it is the topic of discussion, and the author wishes it to be immediately recognized in the gloss among other morphemes with similar meanings, or when it has multiple or subtle meanings that would be impractical to gloss with a single conventional abbreviation. A morpheme will sometimes be used as its own gloss.in have been omitted from the list below, but are always possible. COMPLEMENTIZER, NONTHEME or DOWNRIVER rather than COMP, NTH, DR. At the extreme, glosses may not be abbreviated at all but simply written in small caps, e.g. TRANSTVZR for 'transitivizer' or SUBJUNCT for 'subjunctive'. Glosses may also be less abbreviated than the norm if they are not common in a particular text, so as to not tax the reader, e.g. Such shortened forms may be ambiguous with other authors or texts are so are not presented as normative here. This helps keep the gloss graphically aligned with the parsed text when the abbreviations are longer than the morphemes they gloss.
IP rather than IMM.PST for 'immediate past'.
#Ufocus guidance for the puzzled rar full
In a few cases, long and short standard forms are listed, intended for texts where that gloss is rare or common. Synonymous glosses are listed as alternatives for reference purposes.
These will generally be the glosses used on Wikipedia. The list provides conventional glosses as established by standard inventories of glossing abbreviations such as the Leipzig Glossing rules, the most widely known standard. This article lists common abbreviations for grammatical terms that are used in linguistic interlinear glossing of oral languages in English.
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